§ 1. Education of Alexander. § 2. Rejoicings at Athens for Philip's death.

Movements in Greece. § 3. Alexander overawes the malcontents, and is

appointed generalissimo for the Persian war. § 4. Alexander subdues the

Triballians, Getæ, Illyrians, and Taulantians. § 5. Revolt and destruction

of Thebes. § 6. Alexander prepares to invade Persia. Nature of that

empire. § 7. Alexander crosses the Hellespont. § 8. Battle of the

Granicus. § 9. Alexander overruns Asia Minor. The Gordian knot.

§ 10. March through Cilicia. Battle of Issus. Victory. § 11. Con-

quest of Phoenicia. Siege of Tyre. § 12. Alexander marches into Egypt.

Foundation of Alexandria. Oracle of Ammon. § 13. Battle of Arbela.

§ 14. Alexander takes possession of Babylon, Susa, and Persepolis. § 15.

March to Ecbatana, and pursuit of Darius. Death of Darius. § 16.

March through Hyrcania, Asia, and Drangiana. Conspiracy of Philotas.

§ 17. Alexander crosses the Oxus. Death of Bessus. Reduction of Sog-

diana. Alexander marries Roxana. § 18. Murder of Clitus. § 19. Plot

of the pages. Alexander invades the Penjâb, and defeats Porus. Marches

as far as the Hyphasis. § 20. Descent of the Hydaspes and Indus. § 21.

March through Gedrosia. Voyage of Nearchus. § 22. Arrival at Susa.

Intermarriages of the Greeks and Persians. Mutiny of the army. § 23.

Death of Hephæstion. Alexander takes up his residence at Babylon. His

death. § 24. Character

525

CHAPTER XLV.

FROM THE DEATH OF ALEXANDER THE GREAT TO THE BATTLE OF

IPSUS.

§ 1. Division of the provinces after Alexander's death. § 2. Retrospective

view of Grecian affairs. Revolt of Agis. Demosthenes de Corona. § 3.

Arrival of Harpalus at Athens. Accusation and exile of Demosthenes.

§ 4. The Lamian war. Defeat of Antipater, and siege of Lamia. § 5. De-

feat and death of Leonnatus. Battle of Crannon. End of the Lamian war.

§ 6. Death of Demosthenes. Ambitious projects of Perdiccas. His inva-

sion of Egypt, and death. § 7. Fresh division of the provinces at Tripara-

disus. Death of Antipater. Polysperchon becomes regent, and conciliates

the Grecian states. Death of Phocion. § 8. War between Polysperchon

and Cassander. Ill success of Polysperchon. Cassander becomes master

of Macedonia, and puts Olympias to death. § 9. Coalition against An-

tigonus. Peace concluded in B.C. 311. Murder of Roxana and her son.

§ 10. Renewal of the war against Antigonus. Demetrius Poliorcetes

expels the Macedonians from Athens. § 11. Demetrius Poliorcetes at

Cyprus. Battle of Salamis. Attempt on Egypt Siege of Rhodes. § 12.

Battle of Ipsus, and death of Antigonus

552

CHAPTER XLVI.

FROM THE BATTLE OF IPSUS TO THE CONQUEST OF GREECE BY

THE ROMANS.

§ 1. Proceedings of Demetrius Poliorcetes. He captures Athens.
§ 2.

Obtains the Macedonian crown. His flight and death. § 3. Lysimachus

reigns over Macedonia.
He is defeated and slain by Seleucus. § 4. Seleu-

cus assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus. Invasion of the Celts, and death

of Ptolemy Ceraunus. § 5. Antigonus Gonatas ascends the Macedonian

throne. Death of Pyrrhus of Epirus. Chremonidean war. § 6. The

Achæan League. § 7. State of Sparta. Reforms of Agis and Cleomenes.

The Cleomenic war. § 8. The Etolian League. § 9. The Social War.

§ 10. War between Philip and the Romans. § 11. Philopomen. § 12.

Second war between Philip and the Romans. Battle of Cynoscephalæ.

§ 13. Defeat of Antiochus, and subjugation of the Etolians by the

Romans. § 14. Extension of the Achæan League. Conquest of Sparta.

Death of Philopomen. § 15. War between Perseus and the Romans.

Conquest of Macedonia. § 16. Proceedings of the Romans in Greece.

§ 17. Athens and Oropus. War between the Achæans and Spartans.

§ 18. The Spartans appeal to the Romans, who reduce Greece into a

Roman province.
564

CHAPTER XLVII.

HISTORY OF GRECIAN ART FROM THE END OF THE PELOPONNESIAN

WAR TO ITS DECLINE.

§ 1. Later school of Athenian sculpture. § 2. Scopas. § 3. Praxiteles.

§ 4. Sicyonian school of sculpture. Euphranor, Lysippus. § 5. Sicyo-

nian school of painting. Eupompus, Pamphilus, Apelles. § 6. Architec-

ture. § 7. Period after Alexander the Great. School of Rhodes. § 8.

Plunder of Greek works of art by the Romans

CHAPTER XLVIII.

579

GRECIAN LITERATURE FROM THE END OF THE PELOPONNESIAN WAR

TO THE LATEST PERIOD.

§ 1. The drama. The Middle comedy. The New comedy: Philemon,

Menander. § 2. Oratory. Circumstances which favoured it at Athens.

§ 3. Its Sicilian origin. § 4. The ten Attic orators: Antiphon, Ando-

cides, Lysias, Isocrates, Isæus, Æschines, Lycurgus, Demosthenes, Hype-

rides, and Dinarchus, § 5. Athenian philosophy, Plato. § 6. Sketch

of his philosophy. § 7. The Megarics, Cyrenaics, and Cynics. § 8. The

Academicians. § 9. Aristotle and the Peripatetics. § 10. The Stoics

and Epicureans. § 11. The Alexandrian school of literature. § 12. Later

Greek writers: Polybius, Dionysius of Halicarnassus, Diodorus Siculus,

Arrian, Appian, Plutarch, Josephus, Strabo, Pausanias, Dion Cassius,

Lucian, Galen. § 13. The Greek Scriptures and Fathers. Conclu-

sion

587

Position and boundaries § 5. Northern Greece: principal divisions and

§ 1. The three peninsulas of Southern Europe. § 2. of Greece. § 3. Size of the country. § 4. Name. Thessaly and Epirus. § 6. Central Greece: its mountains. § 7. Eastern half of Central Greece: Doris, Phocis, Locris, Boeotia, Attica, Megaris. § 8. Western half of Central Greece: Ozolian Locris, Etolia, Acarnania. § 9. Peloponnesus: Arcadia. § 10. Achaia, Argolis, Laconia, Messenia, Elis. § 11. The Grecian Islands. § 12. Influence of the physical geography of Greece upon the political destinies of the people. § 13. Likewise upon their intellectual character. § 14. Rivers and chief productions. § 15. Climate.

§ 1. THREE peninsulas, very different in form, project from the south of Europe into the Mediterranean sea. The most westerly, that of Spain and Portugal, is a quadrangular figure united to the mainland by an isthmus. The central one, that of Italy, is a long tongue of land, down which runs from north to south the back-bone of the Apennines. The most easterly, of which Greece GR.

B